電吉他弦高(Action)的調(diào)整詳解
先說一下我推薦的弦高
14品處
6弦2.2mm±0.3mm
1弦2.2mm±0.3mm
各距離均為琴弦下沿到品絲頂端的距離
對于弦高的調(diào)整,大體上是由于
1,出現(xiàn)打品
2,手感調(diào)整
3,更換不同規(guī)格的琴弦
4,音色調(diào)整
我們先逐條的來看看在什么程度下需要調(diào)整
1,由于大多數(shù)電吉他的弦高都被調(diào)整得比較低,所以要確保所有的位置都不打品是比較困難的。就算是非常高檔的吉他,由于品絲安裝和琴頸表面平整度以及Saddle(琴橋上的琴弦支撐)和NUT(琴頭這邊的琴枕)的琴頸擬和度都不可能做得非常精確。所以沒有必要追求100%的不打品。事實(shí)上,也是不太現(xiàn)實(shí)的。
2,對于快速型選手,可能會(huì)比較追求較低的弦高,這樣對提高跨弦速度是很有益處的。
3,當(dāng)更換不同的規(guī)格的琴弦時(shí),由于總體張力不同,琴頸曲度會(huì)發(fā)生變化。這個(gè)時(shí)候原先的調(diào)整將不再有效,需要全面重新調(diào)整。
4,大家知道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的古典吉他的弦高是多少嗎?在12品處,低音E是4-4.5mm,高音E是3.5-4mm。這樣做完全就是為了充分的讓琴弦震動(dòng)來得到更多的音量和共鳴。電吉他特殊的地方就是拾音器只能拾取琴弦的水平震動(dòng),所以相對可以降得比較低同時(shí)比較合適用PICK來演奏。但是對于琴弦過低影響整體的振動(dòng)能量和共鳴這一條是相同的。所以琴弦降低要有一個(gè)限度。以得到滿意的音色為準(zhǔn)。
接下來,說一下調(diào)整里面涉及到的吉它上面的部分
a,琴枕
b,琴頸 -〉TrussRod(琴頸鋼筋)調(diào)整
c,品絲 -〉專用品絲挫
d,Saddle(琴橋處琴弦支撐,琴馬,琴鞍) -〉對于雙搖就是琴橋調(diào)整
然后我們來做一下準(zhǔn)備工作。
對于雙搖琴:
I.確保正確的調(diào)音
II.確保琴橋與琴身表面平行
III.準(zhǔn)備工具,包括鋼尺,六角扳手,琴頸調(diào)節(jié)扳手
對于單搖琴
I.確保正確的調(diào)音
II.確保琴橋狀態(tài)(小幅度雙搖還是完全緊貼琴身?)
III.準(zhǔn)備工具,包括鋼尺,六角扳手,琴頸調(diào)節(jié)扳手
對于固定琴橋
I.確保正確的調(diào)音
II.準(zhǔn)備工具,包括鋼尺,六角扳手,琴頸調(diào)節(jié)扳手
然后我們就可以開始調(diào)整了,有搖把的吉它的特殊注意事項(xiàng)我會(huì)在括號里注明
首先,調(diào)整琴頸:(同步的調(diào)整Saddle(雙搖琴就是琴橋))
我們要進(jìn)行一下測量,一般來說,過于平直會(huì)導(dǎo)致低品位打品,過于彎曲則會(huì)導(dǎo)致高品位打品。對于電吉他的21-24F的琴頸來說,琴頸的整個(gè)彎曲可以看作是比較理想的圓弧形,為什么琴頸調(diào)整會(huì)導(dǎo)致琴頸上的弦高變化速度不同(圖一)。測量的進(jìn)行請按照如下步驟。由于琴頸和琴身的結(jié)合角度是被固定的,所在一個(gè)固定的品位(12F)保持固定的弦高的情況下看從這品(12F)到最高品位的弦高變化量就可以知道琴頸的弧度是否合適。一般來說,只要琴頸還是比較工整的情況下,從12F的弦高到最末品的高度差在2-3mm之內(nèi)比較合適,具體的調(diào)整例子:12品6弦高2mm,24品6弦高2.3mm。所以,每調(diào)整一下琴頸都需要校正一次琴弦高度。完整這個(gè)調(diào)整以后,至少12F以上應(yīng)該很少再會(huì)打品。然后我們看看各弦第一品是否打品。如果出現(xiàn)打品則說明調(diào)整的過直。稍微松開一點(diǎn)TrussRod,不過這樣會(huì)對高品位產(chǎn)生一定影響,無論如何,請保證從12F的弦高到最末品的高度差不要小于2mm。如果沒有打品的話那么琴頸的調(diào)整就結(jié)束了。
上面說過每一次調(diào)整TrussRod都需要重新調(diào)整Saddle來調(diào)整弦高,對于各種不一樣的吉它請參照各自的用戶手冊。這里說一下幾種典型的琴橋的Saddle的調(diào)整方法。
Stratocastor
使用Saddle對應(yīng)的小六角扳手來調(diào)整高度從而改變弦高。由于會(huì)改變Tension(張力),所以調(diào)整完畢以后要調(diào)音
FloydRose以及Ibanez EDGE
一般說起來原廠的FloydRose或者是其他的授權(quán)COPY基本上調(diào)節(jié)琴橋兩側(cè)的調(diào)節(jié)螺絲都是可以直接通過工具來旋轉(zhuǎn)來調(diào)整琴弦高度。這種琴橋的Saddle本身不具備個(gè)別琴弦高度的調(diào)整能力。Ibanez 的EDGE比較特殊。在兩側(cè)的懸掛樁螺絲的內(nèi)部有一個(gè)鎖緊的小螺絲,類似膨脹螺絲的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以步驟稍微復(fù)雜,需要首先用最小的六角扳手松開里面的鎖定螺栓才可能調(diào)整琴橋的支撐螺絲。這點(diǎn)需要注意
Magic-O-Tune
這種琴橋類似于上面的FloydRose琴橋。只是有一點(diǎn)需要注意的是由于每一次調(diào)整都會(huì)改變Tension所以要注意每次調(diào)節(jié)完畢以后調(diào)音。
在完成了琴頸調(diào)整和初步弦高調(diào)整以后,如果你的琴已經(jīng)達(dá)到了你的要求狀態(tài),那么大體上調(diào)整已經(jīng)可以宣告結(jié)束了。但是對于比較舊的吉它,以及本身狀況不是特別好的吉它,可能需要進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行如下調(diào)整:琴枕的高度和品絲的打磨
琴枕的高度會(huì)影響空弦的弦高以及低品位的打品情況。但是不能升的過高。不然嚴(yán)重影響低品位的彈奏手感。一般說起來,以空弦第一品不打品為基準(zhǔn),大致在0.1mm到0.2mm左右。
然后就是品絲了。這一條的調(diào)整需要慎重。因?yàn)槠方z打磨過了是不能調(diào)整回來的,必須要重新?lián)Q品才能解決。一般來說也只有在上述努力無論如何都沒有辦法解決的情況下才能考慮的。打磨的時(shí)候需要符合指板弧度的品絲銼。在打磨到不打品以后,還需要重新修正品絲弧度。
來源于:吉他中國
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