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特殊調弦分兩類，即變化調弦(alternative tuning)與開放式調弦(open tuning)
變化調弦是在標準調弦的基礎上，在某根弦作變動，或整體升高或降低整個調弦音調；而開放式調弦則是一整個調弦的空弦音就是一組和弦。
所以，比如說灌藍高手，這個就是變化調弦，為什么？因為它只是在標準調弦上稍稍做了改動。
而大家所熟知的wings　you are hero則是開放式調弦,
DADGAD 六根弦構成了Dsus4和弦。
特殊調弦不是我們想像中那種就調調弦的音高這么簡單，有時要用特殊的弦，有的時候使用某個特殊調弦，考慮到其對琴體的傷害，甚至要對琴體的設計進行調整??！
以下是我收集并翻譯的一些資料，供各位琴友參考：

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Alternative tuning變化調弦


Alternative tuning refers to any open string note arrangement other than that of standard tuning detailed above. Despite the usefulness and almost universal acceptance of standard tuning, many guitarists employ such alternative tuning arrangements in order to exploit the unique chord voicing and sonorities that result from them. Most alternative tunings necessarily change the chord shapes associated with standard tuning, which results in certain chords becoming much easier to play while others may become impossible to play.
變化調弦指的除上述標準調弦外的任何一個空弦的變化組合。雖然標準調弦用處很大，而且?guī)缀跏且粋€通用的標準，很多吉他手仍然用變化調弦來開發(fā)獨特的和弦音及其產(chǎn)生的明亮音色。大部分變化調弦必需調整標準調弦有關的和弦形態(tài)，這樣會產(chǎn)生某個和弦很容易演奏，而其他的和弦就有可能變得無法彈出來的情況。

As a standard set of guitar strings is designed to be tuned to the standard notes, alternative tunings may require not just a different tuning, but re-stringing of the guitar with strings better suited to the open string note. In turn, further adjustments to cope with the different tensions placed on the guitar may be required, and in extreme tunings, fitting different components to cope with the different gauges used.
由于吉他標準套弦都是為標準調弦音所設計的，變化調弦可能不僅僅是改變一下調弦，還可能要重新設計吉他的琴弦以使其更加適應發(fā)出空弦音。同樣為了應對吉他所受的不同張力而做一些調節(jié)也是必要的，在一些極端的調弦法里，還會用到一些不同的組件來應對不同型號的弦。

Rock music tunings
Guitar tunings in rock music and metal are employed in order to make power chords easier to play and/or to make the sound "heavier".
搖滾樂調弦
在搖滾樂及金屬樂中，使用此種調弦以便更容易按出強力和弦，也使得聲音更有“勁”。

Dropped D: D-A-D-G-B-E'
This tuning is not only used by metal and rock bands, but also folk musicians. It allows power chords (also known as bare fifth chords) to be played with a single finger on the lowest three strings. It is also used extensively in classical guitar music and transcriptions since it allows open strings to sound the tonic and dominant as part of the bassline in the keys of D and D minor. Some guitarists choose to use a capo on the second fret with this tuning so that they can retain the ease of playing power chords without the darker sound created by the D tuning.
降 D: D-A-D-G-B-E'
此調弦不僅于金屬及搖滾樂隊用，民謠樂手也用它。它使強力和弦（也稱橫5和弦）用一根手指按在后面三根弦上就可以按出來了。它同時也在古典吉他音樂及典藉中被廣泛使用，因為它可以在D大調及D小調中的低音進行中使空弦音的更渾厚有力。一些吉他手在用這個調弦時，用一個變調夾夾在第二品，這樣他們可以保證強力和弦易按性的基礎上，不致讓音色因使用D調弦而變得黯淡。

Dropped C: C-G-C-F-A-D'
This tuning is the same as dropped D, but each string is lowered an additional whole step, or two semitones. Technically a "drop C" tuning would be C-A-d-g-b-e'. However, the tuning technically known as "Dropped D tuned down one whole step" is commonly referred to as "Dropped C" tuning, as very few people drop only the sixth string. This gives the guitar a very low and heavy sound, and usually requires extra-thick strings to maintain tension. This tuning is frequently used by hardcore and metalcore bands as well to achieve a lower sound. Tuning a standard, non-baritone guitar any lower than this is difficult.
降C： C-G-C-F-A-D'
這個調弦與降D調弦是一樣的，但每根弦都多降了一個全單，即兩個半音。其實降D可以是C－A－D－G－B－E。不過技術上來說，降D向下調一個全音即是降C調弦，因為很少人只是調一下第六弦。此調弦賦于吉他一個非常低且重的音色，經(jīng)常要用特粗的弦來保持弦緊。此調弦常會被一些重型音樂，金屬音樂的樂隊所用來達到低音效果。很難將一把標準的，非低音吉他調得比這個調弦更低。

Dropped B: B-F#-B-E-G#-C#' or B-Gb-B-E-A-D' or Bb-Ab-Db-Gb-Bb-Eb
This tuning is the same as dropped D and C, but lowered from dropped C an additional semitone, or half step. This tuning is very popular with alternative metal/post-grunge bands. It has also become popular with doom metal/post-metal bands. Heavier gauge strings are required for this tuning, which may also require widening the string grooves in the nut of the guitar as well as re-adjusting the tension in the neck.
降B調弦：B-F#-B-E-G#-C#' 或 B-Gb-B-E-A-D' 或 Bb-Ab-Db-Gb-Bb-Eb
這個調弦與降D降C也是一樣的，但是在降D的基礎上降了半音。這個調弦在金屬及前GRUNGE樂隊中很受歡迎。它也在末日金屬及前金屬樂隊中很受重用。這種調弦要用到更粗的弦，這樣就需要加寬琴枕上的開槽，還要重新調節(jié)琴頸的強度。

Dropped A: A-E-A-D-F#-B or A-A-D-G-B-E'
A very low drop tuning used in metal and death metal bands. As with the Dropped B tuning, heavy gauge strings are required, and even minor modifications to some guitars. The second version (A A D G B E) has been used by Thrice in songs such as "The Earth Will Shake" and "Firebreather and Nile as their main tuning."
降A調弦A-E-A-D-F#-B 或 A-A-D-G-B-E'
金屬及死亡金屬用的一種很底的調弦。跟降B調弦一樣，需要裝特粗的弦，甚至要對吉他進行一些小的改造。Thrice在歌曲“大地震顫”及“吸火人”，“尼羅河”的主調弦中使用了這個調弦。

Eb tuning: Eb-Ab-Db-Gb-Bb-Eb'
This tuning is achieved when all the strings are flattened by a half step. This can be combined with other tuning techniques such as dropped D tuning and makes no difference to fingering. Often the key will be considered by the players as if played in standard tuning. This tuning can be used for a number of reasons: to make larger strings bend more easily, to make the tone heavier, to better suit the vocalist's range, to play with saxophone family more easily, or to play in E? pentatonic minor formed by the black keys of a keyboard.
降E調弦：此調弦是將所有的弦降一個半音?？梢耘c其他調弦技巧如降D調弦等一同使用，在指型上不需做出變化。通常演奏者在根音上把它看作與標調一樣。此調弦的使用基于以下幾個原因：更好地在粗弦上推弦，加重音色，更好地適應歌手的音域，更容易與薩克斯一同演奏，彈奏鍵盤黑鍵形成的五聲小調。

The tuning was made famous by Jimi Hendrix who used it extensively during his career and on all songs after Are You Experienced. Guns N' Roses also favoured E flat tunning because it allowed Axl Rose's voice to be accentuated on the high notes. It is also used by Metallica to compliment James Hetfield's voice.
因Jimi　Hendrix在其音樂生涯中大量的使用這種調弦，且在《在你經(jīng)歷了以后》這個曲子后所有的曲子都是用這個調弦，從而使得這個調弦聲名大噪。***與玫瑰也是用降E調弦潤色，這樣使得AxlRose的嗓音可以著重在高音上表現(xiàn)，同時Metalica也用這個調弦來襯托Gakoo的嗓音。


D tuning D-G-C-F-A-D'
Also known as "One Step Lower" and "Whole Step Down", this tuning is basically E Standard with all six strings tuned one whole step down. Although mostly utilized in heavy metal, one sometimes find this tuning in Blues, where guitarists use it to accommodate string bending.
D調弦D-G-C-F-A-D'
也稱作“低兩格”或“低全音”，這個調弦是在E標準調弦的基礎上調低一個全音，雖然大都是重金屬才使用它，有時候也可以在布魯斯里看到這個調弦，這里吉他手用它來適應推弦。

C tuning: C-F-B?-E?-G-C'
C standard tunes the strings of the guitar to produce a low tone. This tuning is commonly used by metal and hard rock artists as it is two whole steps below standard tuning. This tuning can also be written as C-F-A?-d?-g-c'. It allows for a low, heavy sound, while still maintaining the intervals present in standard tuning.
C調弦 C-F-Bb-Eb-G-C'
C調弦將吉他的弦調出一種很低的音色。這個調弦被金屬及硬搖滾的音樂人所用，它比標準調弦要低兩個全音。這個調弦也可以記作：C-F-B?-E?-G-C'，它可以彈出又低又重的聲音，同時又保留了標準調內部指法。

B tuning:
Also known as "B Standard" or "Baritone" tuning, this tuning is a common tuning of seven-string guitars, which are tuned B,E,A,D,G,B,E. On a six string guitar, the tuning is modified to B,E,A,D,F#,B.
B調弦，也叫“B標準調弦”或“低音調弦。這個調弦是七弦琴的一個很普遍的調弦，各弦音為B,E,A,D,G,B,E，在六弦的吉他上，這個調弦改為B,E,A,D,F#,B.
Bbtuning
Takes B Standard on either a six or seven string guitar down a semitone (or half step). For example, bands such as Nevermore of the progressive metal genre utilize this on seven string guitars. The tuning result is (from low to high) Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Bb, Eb.
降B標準調弦在七弦或六弦琴上調低一個半音，如Nevermore的金屬改革流派就在七弦琴上用這種調弦。這個調弦從低到高依次是Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Bb, Eb.

However, on a six string guitar (from low to high) it would be Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, F, Bb.
不過在六弦的吉他上（從低到高）為：Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, F, Bb.