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電吉他如何調(diào)出滿意的失真音色
2019/3/26 21:56:41
很多朋友跟我說他們在調(diào)失真的時候總是不能調(diào)出自己滿意的音色來，感到很苦惱，效果器也是一換再換，但是效果總是差強(qiáng)人意。我想對于很多人可能都有類似的感受，那我就寫一點自己牽薄的經(jīng)驗來與大家分享吧
第一，調(diào)失真的時候要搞清楚你想調(diào)的失真是什么樣的？比方說是輕失真還是在重失真，是電子管味道很濃，很固體的，還是那種粉碎感的，這個確定下來后，再開始動手。
第二，如果有條件的話最后能夠找一個參照物，也就是說最好能有一個比較好的失真音色做為范本。你可以找自己喜歡樂隊的歌曲里面的音色來聽，反復(fù)地多聽一些，這樣就能夠掌握他們的音色基礎(chǔ)是什么。但要知道，很多樂隊錄音室作品cd里面的聲音是經(jīng)過高質(zhì)量的錄音和混音后的聲音，并不是原始的聲音，所以我建議大家最好找到現(xiàn)場演出的聲音來聽，這樣就不會受到誤導(dǎo)了。
第三，充分利用你手里面的效果器材，每個人的喜好不一樣，每個人的器材肯定也不一樣，所以對于不同的人有不同的方法，我下面就簡要地說說。
很多人喜歡用單塊效果器，沒錯。用單塊效果器可以調(diào)出很好的聲音，但是如果你有一個更好的吉他音箱那就更完美了。為什么呢？其實像外國很多吉他手他們的失真音色更多的是靠音響上面的失真來完成的，所以一個很好的音箱對于你來說是必不可少的。如果你有個不錯的電子管音箱，那么你就可以用它的失真來當(dāng)你的原始失真音源如果喜歡重金屬音樂的話，你可以把音響上面的失真調(diào)到接近最大的四份之一處，這樣聽起來失真很濃，很重，然后用音箱均衡來調(diào)整音色。比如說marshall的音箱的調(diào)節(jié)就是失真度及均衡的高低音開到最大，contour（輪廓，音色的鑲邊）也開到最大，而中音則開到最小。這樣的聲音聽起來充滿力量，如切割機(jī)一般的聲音，高低頻豐富，是所謂的hi—gain失真。很多thrash metal樂隊經(jīng)常用這樣的音色，比如metallica,pantera等，但是megadeth的聲音失真相對就比較弱一點，而且中頻比較高，聲音聽起來會更加結(jié)實飽滿。
輕失真或者弱失真就用音箱上面的overdrive過載就可以做出來，把過載開大，利用電子管天然過載的聲音就可以。這種聲音對于喜歡blues.poprock的朋友來說是很有用的，國外很多樂隊里面的那種清脆悅耳的輕失真都是這樣做出來的，彈bules時，輕失真均衡均衡的中頻和高頻要大一些，這樣聽起來有更多的六七十年代的效果，彈poprock音色的均衡低頻和高頻要大一些，這樣的聲音比較硬朗。
有人會問：我受禮的失真單塊豈不是浪費了嗎？不浪費，我們可以用他來做solo音色。很多人在做solo音色的時候似乎覺得失真度是越大越好的，除非是有人特意要那種很弱的效果。失真的增大可以使我們輕易的取得很長的延音（sustain），失真度越大，延音越長，而彈起來也就越輕松，失真度對音色的改變是很有影響的，對solo的音色影響不如對節(jié)奏音色的影響那么大。所以我們就利用手中的失真單塊，把失真單塊的失真度調(diào)到接近最小，tone調(diào)到最大。當(dāng)你談節(jié)奏的時候，單塊是關(guān)閉的，當(dāng)你需要solo的時候就踩開，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)失真好象大里，而且彈起來對pick力度的變化反應(yīng)不那么靈敏，音色更通透，空曠了。這是由于我們加了這個單塊使得得輸入到音箱的信號增強(qiáng)了。很多大師都是這么使用的，比如nuno用的是pro-corat的overdrive和hughs￠katerner音箱失真，yingwie用的是dod的ovrdrive和marshall音箱：steve vai用的是boss的ds-1和bogner音箱失真等等。
如果我們用的是重金屬類的失真單塊，就可以不用音箱失真了。用重金屬單塊的音色就很好了，不如說boss-mt2，它上面的調(diào)節(jié)鈕就有高中低音的調(diào)整，而且中音部分的掃頻（mideseq）基本上類似于音色鑲邊，調(diào)它可以做出粉碎感和顆粒感很強(qiáng)的音色來，而且說明書上面也有很多音色的調(diào)節(jié)，我就不一一敘述了。但是值得一提的是，如果感到效果器上面的某個地方還是不盡人意，那再去調(diào)整音箱上面的均衡，一般來說音響上面的均衡都在中間就可以了。然后，solo部分可以用壓縮單塊來進(jìn)行信號放大處理，boss。dod和mxr的壓縮都很捧，注意壓縮的量不要太大，壓縮比一般在2：1到4：1之間就可以了。而且如果不彈solo的時候最好不要開壓縮或者當(dāng)信號增強(qiáng)用的失真，因為這樣彈琴時撥片的力度反映很不明顯，對于演奏者來說不好控制音樂的輕重和情緒的變化。
還有很多人用合成效果器，其實這是最容易的一種方法，因為合成效果器把壓縮，失真，均衡等等都放在了一起，很方面。但是一些便宜的產(chǎn)品可能會存在聲音不真實的現(xiàn)象，不過那也沒辦法。就拿boss公司所有最經(jīng)典最受歡迎的吉他效果器和最新推出的吉他效果器，像od-1，ds-1，mt-2，ch-1，dd-3等等可以說擁有了gt6就等于擁有了boss公司的所有吉他單塊效果器。這樣我們就能方面的選擇使用那種效果器來做音色了，方法和上面我所說的用單塊做音色的程序是一樣的，只不過要靠你自己在它的菜單里面仔細(xì)的調(diào)整了，下次有機(jī)會再向大家說gt6的參數(shù)和做音色的方法吧。
第四，好好地調(diào)整一下你手里的吉他，如果總感覺失真或者音量偏小，聲音很軟的話，你就把琴上面的拾音器向上調(diào)一點，只要不妨礙彈琴就行了，這樣拾音器的功率會增大一點，彈起來也就會更靈敏，更舒服一些。還有，換套新的琴弦也是改進(jìn)音色的好方法，新弦的聲音更清脆，所以失真聲音也就會更好一些，聽起來好象比原來大一些。
第五，噪音問題。這個問題很多人頭疼，其實失真嚴(yán)格說來也是噪音，沒辦法，有失真肯定會有噪音，適當(dāng)?shù)臏p少失真量是減少噪音的好方法。我不去主張開大噪音門或者降噪開關(guān)一類的東西，因為這樣你的音色會變得忽然內(nèi)僵硬，尤其是音色的尾部會像給砍斷一樣難聽。失真量多大適合？不同的音樂有不同的需要，不能一概而論，我們拿重金屬音色來說吧，我認(rèn)為你站在音箱（比較大的音箱100瓦左右）前面1到2米處，背對音箱擰開琴的音量然后放開雙手。如果逐漸地產(chǎn)生自然回授的蕭叫聲就說明失真度比較適合，要是馬上就叫的話說明失真度大了，要是沒聲音的話可以適當(dāng)增加失真度，其他的音樂我就不一一舉例了，只不過要記住不是失真度越大越好，也不是越小越好，調(diào)出適合你自己音樂的失真，才是最好的。
文章來源于:風(fēng)華藝校
文章來源于:風(fēng)華藝校
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