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關(guān)于貝司輪指技巧（翻譯）
你演奏時會用到你所有的手指嗎？請注意，我說的不是你在琴頸上的那只手，我指的是你撥弦的那只。我知道你彈的不壞，你演奏的很流暢，可是當(dāng)你看到video上那些大師們流利無比地演奏64分音符時，你可能就會開始嘀咕了：為什么他們可以如此輕易地達到？這些大師們達到這些的原因是運用了撥弦手的所有手指，而且顯得很輕松。如果這些也是你所希望達到的目標的話，那么這篇文章就對你比較有用了。
讓我們看看貝司的撥弦方式吧，第一種是象吉他演奏者那樣運用撥片來彈。這種彈法雖然能創(chuàng)造出比較獨特和硬朗的聲音，但卻是一種比較緩慢的演奏方法。如果你用pick并且速度不成問題的話，本文就不需要你留心了。然而，由于貝司這種樂器本身的性質(zhì)所限，大多數(shù)演奏者不可能很好的發(fā)展撥片演奏技藝。為了達到快速演奏，撥片演奏者必須進行非?？炭嗟挠?xùn)練。同時，對pick演奏來說，完成擊弦和勾弦來說也是很困難的。不過，由于其獨特的音響和增加音樂色彩的能力，撥片演奏的確是一種很好的備選手法。
第二種方法是“一指禪”。這恐怕是最糟糕的演奏方法了。這種方法很難使演奏速度增加，同時你的手指會很快疲勞，如果你采用這種奏法的話，恐怕得改一改了，請往下看：
第三種是所謂的行走貝司（Walking Bass）的奏法。此種方法運用食指和中指，彈起來感覺你的手指是“行走”在弦的中間。當(dāng)某一指撥弦時，另一指準備完成下一個撥弦動作或者準備撥奏另一根弦。其中，預(yù)備觸弦的手指位置稱為“撥前位” pre-pick position，類似的，觸弦動作完成后的位置稱“撥后位”post-pick position.。這種撥弦方式的速度可以達到和pick等同，而且，由于大指得到了自由運用，勾擊弦的奏法可以流暢地完成。該方式為大多數(shù)貝司演奏者所青睞，而且簡單易學(xué)，容易上手，聲音也不壞，和其它方式比較而言擁有很多優(yōu)點。
最后一種方法是我所著力介紹的“全指法” full-hand。運用五指獲得速度，增加音色的變化，延緩疲勞。不僅是Jazz和Funk，在各種音樂類型中你都可以運用這種方法。你可以運用它來彈奏領(lǐng)奏，你可以增加切分和表情，你可以運用它獲得“無形的低音聲部”the invisible bass part，之所以它是無形的是因為對一般的聽眾而言，這些細微的變化和技巧通常不被人所注意，但是，如果你去掉這個“無形的低音聲部”的話，每個人都會注意到：）
本文不打算涉及過多內(nèi)容，因此不介紹勾擊弦奏法。實際上，我將論述集中在傳統(tǒng)方式的貝司演奏手法上，和行走貝司非常類似。但我稱它為“蜘蛛爬行” spider walking bass，因為這種奏法使你的演奏看上去好象某個正爬過屋頂?shù)闹┲?。“蜘蛛爬行”的基本動作是?dāng)某一指撥弦時其它三指分階段輪換回到撥前位，撥弦手指在回到撥前位時，其它手指已完成了三次撥弦動作。這種撥弦方式也減少了每個手指的獨立工作量。
因為“蜘蛛爬行”奏法是基于行走貝司奏法的，所以我建議你先學(xué)好行走貝司奏法，很多教材有這方面的內(nèi)容，我就不再贅述了。
手指獨立性是完成“蜘蛛爬行”奏法的關(guān)鍵之關(guān)鍵，由于樂器性質(zhì)的原因，很多鍵盤樂器的演奏者這方面能力比較好，而貝司演奏者就不一定了。你可以多做一些手指獨立性的練習(xí)：
1． 手掌平放在桌面上，獨立抬起每一根單獨的手指，盡量達到一英寸或更高，其它手指保持不動。
2． 同上，每次抬起兩根，比如 1-3, 2-4, 1-4，交替抬起。如果你覺得很容易就加快速度做。
3． 見附圖。
4． 上述練習(xí)如能輕易完成，請加快速度自己練習(xí)。
接下來，我們需要一些膠帶，就是通常的膠帶紙，除了堵住個別不聽話并羅嗦個不停的學(xué)生的嘴的功能以外，我們需要用它來幫我們達到練習(xí)的效果。
見圖
首先我們把2，3指并在一起，你可以通過把大指支于琴體上獲得穩(wěn)定的支撐效果，如果你要演奏勾擊時，大指也可以離開琴體。
接下來可以是1，2指。
別沮喪，這樣的練習(xí)可能需要一個月，當(dāng)你掌握了這種兩指的練習(xí)并達到一定程度的時候，你就可以試試三指的交替演奏了。彈三連音是一個非常好的辦法，如果你還不知道三連音是什么的話，請去看樂理書吧，對一個樂隊的貝司而言更應(yīng)該掌握更多的樂理知識，很有用。
現(xiàn)在你可以讓小指參與了，把2，3指如前法并在一起，用1指和4指進行同時演奏。這么做是比較困難的，但請堅持下去。
接下來你可以將12，34指分別并在一起練習(xí)，見圖
好了，到現(xiàn)在你可能已經(jīng)完成了近3個月的練習(xí)，現(xiàn)在去掉膠帶試試4指在琴上的聲音吧。注意這四根手指的音量是否均衡一致，如果某指較弱的話你就加強該指的獨立性練習(xí)，一些輔助性的手指健力工具也可以選用。最終的目標是，在不看的情況下區(qū)分不出這四指聲音的區(qū)別來，當(dāng)你認為達到這一步時，請別人幫你聽聽是否如此。
最后，你需要根據(jù)手指的不同長度調(diào)整觸弦時手的角度。向琴碼處轉(zhuǎn)動手腕約15度將會有利于小指和其它指在演奏G弦時的同時觸弦。你可以采用E_G兩弦的跨越練習(xí)：在E弦上彈一個音，比如E16th,然后在G弦上彈奏G16th,撥弦手指順序如果正確的話（12341…..），每兩小節(jié)中，每個手指都有兩次觸G弦。
如果你足夠努力的話，你在6個月內(nèi)可以比較全面地掌握這項技巧。很多人缺乏耐心，過早地放棄了。正如我說過的，別沮喪，別灰心，這項技巧很難，但最終你將獲益匪淺。你的演奏將更流暢，更快速，更輕而易舉。而且，在朋友面前也會讓你出彩不少的。That’s Cool!
加油吧！
Cliff Sattle
Cliff Sattle就讀于米歇根大學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)音樂達20多年，精通吉他，鍵盤，貝司演奏，現(xiàn)為Middle Earth樂隊成員。
（琴友Bassman翻譯，2002年12月19日）
轉(zhuǎn)自：風(fēng)華藝校
If you want variety Telly, there can be no more irritating than locating a collection that's every little thing it must be wonderful, but somehow never becomes there a sequence that generates a great T+ show each and every time, and infrequently missteps egregiously sufficient to cause you to need to help out, but that neverthless stays desirable not developed.
I mean &/ (Saturdays, 9 EveningVersus8 fundamental), ABCs large-funds reprise of the identical-named, stringently-from-craving for food NBC show about mankind dealing with an invasion by critters that appear just like us however they are essentially malignant reptiles. Brought to life by Scott Peters through the initial miniseries-orgasm-collection by Kenneth Johnson, the ABC version needs to become a critical sci-fi enthusiasts reclamation of beloved youth garbage &Number8212 a repriseVersusdevelopment such as SyFys meandering, fitfully amazing &Battlestar Galactica, which turned a generally braindead missed-70s ripoff of &Alien into a deep breathing on battle, terrorism, trust, national relativism, and no matter whether so-named &man features are exclusive to adolescents. ABCs &/ flirts with people sorts of large problems &Number8212 notably from the views the place that the Website visitors chief, Ould - (Morena Baccarin) devices new occupation ways determined by her understanding of man therapy. Sadly, the collection never very succumbs on the appeal of pulp philosophizing &Number8212 maybe as it correctly fears that the process would push away casual audiences who would just like escapism.&Number160 It skates over the surface of its assumption, undertaking the sporadic shape-8 or back leap, but never splitting the ice cubes to discover what marvels may possibly lie in wait beneath.
The collection best notion is usually that the on the planet ? invasion were not able to just begin from practically nothing, with gigantic motherships completing the heavens on the mobile phone industry's capitals, but might need to be prepared for extended beforehand, with sleeper cells of undercover Website visitors an individual each layer of man society&Number160 &Number8212 a risky tactic with the assurance that a few of these sleeper brokers may possibly enjoy their new environment and initiate empathizing using the mankind these people were supposed to be undermining and oppressing. The exhibits most fascinating character is He Nichols (Morris Chestnutt), a Visitor who refused his or her own way of life, became a 5th writer, then grudgingly rejoined the Tourists in time of year two following birth of his 50 percent-Website visitor, 50 percent-man little princess. Where the initial &/ miniseries cared for the birth on the a mix of both youngster as occasion for &Decided on One cliches (and a far too-good way to give closing), to the new &/ this indicates an extension cord of the occupierVersusentertained energetic.
But this really is one more case the place that the show seems prepared to be only appealing, instead of definitely completed. Annas prefer to huge-impregnate man gals with Website visitor starting is the exhibits pulpiest, most disreputably commute-in trashy plot of land angle but, however it has Earth track record precedent. Lots of disappointment occupations have decided to breed the opposing forces into syndication, with no realizing it only definitely makes the romance among occupier and entertained much more matted and sentimentally fraught, and fundamentally provides a new, mixed thoroughly, 3rd way of life where there had been two different kinds just before. I&Number160loved the &crimson weather that fell into just like a weather of blood throughout the earth at the start of in 2010, boosting humanitys male fertility levels. But right here, as anywhere else, the show definitely seems to be thinking predominantly with regard to scene and plot of land, not portrayal &Number8212 as well as difference between great Telly and wonderful Telly is due to the ability to take into consideration plot of land with regard to therapy. To paraphrase, wonderful collection won't be predominantly by what occurs theyre regarding the influence the occasions placed on the figures.
Bear in mind, Ould - for me personally given He his a mix of both little one (just after murdering Ryans partner to the running dining room table as a result of deathly hypodermic injection), and she oversaw this landmark in Website visitor-man operations whilst counting down to her (practically) aborted prefer to send her knight kids to obliterate the opposition &Number8212 all of which implies that procreation have to have been a great deal on Annas brain when she succumbed to man despair, were impulsively, named down the Red Rainwater, and hang up that huge rape strategy into activity. But when a wonderful collection would structure anything that emerged after with regard to exactly what method for He and Ould - as Website visitors and mother and father (or hopeful-mother and father), &/&Number160seems considering the enhancements predominantly as tottenham for much more feline-and-computer mouse information &Number8212 which could be great should the show just didn't take per se as if that it was considering alot more that. I so want to learn more about Annas therapy. She's placed herself for an almost Vulcan-like character of detachment in addition to a conspiracy chiefVersusgoddess doling out bursts of artificial feeling (&Paradise) like psychic strong drugs. But with every completing 7 days she definitely seems to be operating much more from unchained feeling whilst hard doubt that is what she is carrying out. The show definitely seems to be prepared to permit her to become a glorified ice cubes goddess bad guy (also to difference her together with her warm-blooded mummy Diana &Number8212 Britta Badlers exact-named not-very-reprise of her memorably soapy villainess to the initial &/). But my discouragement that &/ will never visit is mitigated by my sensation it possibly won't be able to &Number8212 mainly because its while on an all-points-to-absolutely everyone transmit community, not the nichage-driven SyFy, and since its manufacturers and freelance writers won't be actually considering sampling far too sincerely into therapy mainly because theyre petrified of dropping the experience video audience (which, ratings-wise, is not going to manage to attentiveness regardless).
&/ is character-pushed only in the sense how the nike shox brown figures use a particular central reliability and therefore are played out by generally fantastic stars (Mitchell and Chestnutt are standouts). Beyond that, you infrequently have the sensation how the freelance writers are considering the figures from the inside-out, which can be what manufactured the SyFy &Battlestar Galactica clasping no matter if it bought missing in the philosophicalVersuspoliticsVersusorlando constructs and neglected to move situation down. (Different problems:&Number160like the substandard &BSG&Number160prequel &Caprica,&Number160V&Number160is generally humorless.)
And also the of &/ is the battle of wills among Annas inner circle as well as rebels encouraged by Federal bureau of investigation adviser-turned-opposition mma star Erica (At the Mitchell). The exhibits knowning that while in occupations, open public tendencies create down predictable collections (opposition reproduction crackdowns reproduction much more opposition) is advanced for professional Telly, with occasional (probably deliberate) echoes of &The Wretched of the world and &The Battle of Algiers. All over time of year just one, I held intending the collection would concentration much more provocatively to the energetic of invadersVersusoccupiers or. rebelsVersusterrorists &Number8212 not just as it connects into Americas ongoing unusual coverage misadventures, but mainly because its a fun cause of person theatre.
Closest &/ got a chance to any of i thought this was from the time of year just one finale, a plot of land-stuffed, generally interesting hr that however didn't go above conventional great guys-or.-criminals information. The decoration identified Erica recognizing a dinner invitation from Ould - so she could table the latest You are able to mothership and demolish a appropriate slot rich in knight offspring that have been resulting from hatch rapidly and build up intense soldiers that could exterminate a persons opposition. The 50 percent-prepared statigic planning of Ericas strategy pointed out one more failure of the show, its the inability to conceive an on the planet ? many with the exception of to be a a little altered version of whatever we certainly have on the globe right now. (The supper per se looked like a wedding celebration you can see in the ballrooms of 50 percent the chain accommodations in the us on a night time, when Erica let off herself to go wandering around away seeking the egg appropriate slot, lacking stability was evident. Shopping centers have stronger entry limitations than this on the planet ? mothership.) Even so the orgasm &Number8212 a 5th writer pleading Erica to throw him, to manufacture a scapegoat for any attack preventing her from being exposed to be a opposition mma star &Number8212 was inspired. And Annas counter-top-go (effectively hiding the duvet cover-up) and her particular respond to the egg appropriate slot attack (a gruesome, 100 %-throated scream that belied her allegedly emotionless outer) had been even more appealing.
Goodness me, but there can be that damned term all over again:&Number160Promising.&Number160You won't be able to just continue to keep appealing and appealing and appealing with no delivering. &/&Number160hasnt thought this out. Too much of it is like a level-T melodrama about solution brokers or undercover law enforcement dealing with a substance cartel. There are actually way too many candlight conferences in stores and also over-modified martial art tiffs in the kitchen and detergent firefox revelations that should empower the principle figures but that typically experience away-place. (One exception is the discovery that Ericas ex lover wasn't the dad of her son, Tyler that looked like out-of-nowhere fast very last time of year, but they consumed it anywhere you want this holiday season, making it into an additional example of the Website visitors grape planting seeds &Number8212 pun expected &Number8212 that have been that will bloom after.)
The collection it is really much more sci-fi-flavorful illusion-excursion than accurate sci-fi. That has to be great if this type of had been 1984, when NBC woven its wildly successful, decently entertaining &/ miniseries into a dumb, dodgy weekly collection that had the Website visitors running after mankind within the roads of New York in Jeeps. But it's not the middle of-early any more. And in case Telly remains to be, for the most part, a massive wilderness, a minimum of it has much more oases than before &Number8212 and a great number of options nirvana for sci-fi enthusiasts. Over the last twenty-five years, audiences can see &The Times-Data files, &Battlestar Galactica and &Dropped, to name just some popular, important demonstrates that had been considering greater problems than &How our characters escape this preserves?
&/ is not that on that level of cla, and i also&Number160doubt it ever will probably be. The show is not going to deficiency for graphic and thematic night, and has now taking place some unnerving pictures of dread and struggling, such as scene from the Jonathan Frakes-directed show &Sara May well the place that the harnessed 5th writer Georgie (Donald Richmond-Peck) was tortured another solution teeny mechanical insect introduced beneath his pores and skin. (It moved into as a result of his rip duct, and while Georgie writhed and screamed in pain, he was weeping a single rip of blood.)&Number160But for the most part &/ is like a slightly 100 %-of-per se coat on tropes which are performed anywhere else with increased thinking ability and fashion. I figure this out ABC&Number160series stream-lined storytelling and fully commited actions. And That I cherish its unexpected stylistic thrives, just like that chill-inducing time in time of year just one where by Ould - kneels nude in the beam of light anchemical distributes the feeling-replacement &Paradise&Number160throughout Website visitor society, the television display screen shining whilst Sigur Ros &Svefn-gary the gadget guy-englar takes on to the soundtrack. On The Other Hand never think this is one of people exhibits that is likely to be kept from termination by supporter commitment, or recalled to be a wonderful, underappreciated program that never bought the network support or significant interest it should have had. Its not wonderful, its just great &Number8212 plus contemporary Telly, scientific disciplines-fiction can be a variety where by great is not that good enough.
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